Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Questions with Answers – Unit Wise Guide (B pharma 5th semester solved)
Section A
Unit-I Questions
- Explain the applications/significance of amino acid pathway.
- Differentiate between primary and secondary metabolites with suitable examples.
- Explain biosynthetic flow for production of various primary and secondary metabolites.
- Explain competitive feeding in tracer techniques.
- Define radiotracer technique and enlist detectors used in tracer techniques.
- Outline importance of acetate pathway in plants.
Unit-II Questions
- Enlist therapeutic and commercial applications of Senna and Vinca.
- Enlist biological sources of Catechu and Asafoetida.
- Write composition, chemical constituents and therapeutic uses of Gentian and Benzoin.
- Enlist various species of Senna.
- Discuss chemical constituents and uses of Asafoetida.
- Discuss therapeutic significance/uses of Ginger.
- Write biological source and uses of Artemisinin.
- Define tannins and discuss commercial applications of tannins.
- Name any two alkaloid-containing drugs and give their uses.
- Differentiate hydrolysable and condensed tannins with examples.
- Write biological sources and medicinal uses of Benzoin and Clove.
- Define tannins and write chemical tests for tannins.
- Write biological source and chemical constituents of Tea and Taxol.
- Discuss medicinal uses of Clove and Aloe.
- Name any two resin-containing drugs and give their uses.
- Write biological source and therapeutic uses of Quinine.
Unit-III Questions
- Enlist general chemical tests for terpenoids.
- Write specific identification test for caffeine.
- Write a short note on chemical tests for resins.
- Give chemical identification tests for Digoxin/Cardiac glycosides.
- Write identification test for Quinine.
- Write biological source and utilization/uses of Curcumin.
- Mention chemical tests used for identification of alkaloids.
Unit-IV Questions
- Write a short note on estimation/industrial production/utilization of Sennosides.
- Explain utilization of Diosgenin.
Unit-V Questions
- Write applications of chromatography in the identification of crude drugs.
- Explain Stas-Otto method for extraction.
- Discuss physico-chemical properties of resins.
- Explain decoction process of extraction.
- Explain the concept of theoretical plates in chromatography.
- Explain principle of electrophoresis.
- Outline factors to be considered while selecting solvents for extraction of crude drugs.
- Define chromatography with suitable example.
- Differentiate TLC and HPTLC.
- Enlist modern methods used for extraction.
- Differentiate between infusion and decoction.
Section B
Unit-I Questions
- Discuss Shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway and its significance in biogenesis.
Unit-II Questions
- Discuss complete pharmacognosy of Opium and Digitalis.
- Discuss biological source, chemical constituents, identification tests and therapeutic uses of Liquorice and Rauwolfia.
- Discuss complete pharmacognosy of Clove and Aloe.
Unit-III Questions
- Describe isolation, identification and analysis of Menthol.
Unit-IV Questions
- Discuss industrial production, estimation and utilization of Caffeine and Forskolin.
Unit-V Questions
- Discuss applications of chromatographic techniques in isolation, purification, identification and standardization of crude/herbal drugs, including herbal fingerprinting and HPLC applications.
- Define extraction and discuss modern extraction methods in detail.
- Discuss Continuous Hot Percolation and Microwave-assisted extraction methods in detail.
Section C
Unit-I Questions
- Write a detailed note on Shikimic acid pathway.
- Write a note on applications of radioactivity/radioactive isotopes in investigation of biogenetic pathways.
- Write a short note on Mevalonic acid pathway.
Unit-II Questions
- Discuss chemistry and commercial applications of Lignans.
- Write biosource, composition, chemical class and therapeutic uses of Pterocarpus.
- Discuss biological source, chemical constituents and uses of Belladonna and explain extraction/isolation of Atropine.
- Discuss biological source, chemical constituents and uses of Ruta along with extraction of Citral.
- Discuss biological source, chemical constituents, uses and extraction/isolation of Reserpine from Rauwolfia.
- Discuss biosources, chemical class, chemical constituents and therapeutic uses of Benzoin and Guggul.
- Discuss biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of Opium and Digitalis.
- Describe biosources, compositions, chemistry and therapeutic uses of Liquorice and Rauwolfia.
- Discuss pharmacognosy of Fennel and Senna in detail.
Unit-III Questions
- Describe isolation and analysis of Curcuma.
- Discuss isolation/extraction of Rutin and Citral.
- Describe isolation methods for Atropine and Citral.
- Discuss physico-chemical properties of Resins and isolation of Podophyllotoxin.
- Discuss source, utilization and isolation method of Caffeine.
- Explain isolation of Atropine and Podophyllotoxin.
- Write about isolation, identification and analysis of Quinine.
- Define terpenoids and describe isolation and analysis of Menthol.
- Describe isolation and identification of Caffeine.
Unit-IV Questions
- Describe industrial production and estimation of Artemisinin.
- Discuss industrial production, estimation and utilization of Sennosides.
- Discuss industrial production, estimation, isolation and utilization of Podophyllotoxin.
- Describe industrial production and utilization of Sennosides and Digoxin.
- Discuss industrial production and utilization of Forskolin.
Unit-V Questions
- Discuss applications of HPTLC/chromatographic techniques in isolation and identification of crude drugs.
- Write a note on applications of spectroscopic techniques in identification and quality control studies of crude/herbal drugs.